Private foundation giving in 2024

Grants paid in tax year 2024 by foundations whose return gives an address in each State, with each State’s share of all giving. The money may have gone anywhere.

1. California12,012 foundations · 13.9% · 20% from patient-assistance foundations $17,489,830,472
2. New Jersey3,889 foundations · 13.6% · 87% from patient-assistance foundations $17,165,548,541
3. New York11,736 foundations · 12.5% $15,674,491,849
4. Washington1,876 foundations · 12.4% · 46% passed to another foundation $15,555,524,159
5. Texas10,660 foundations · 4.8% $6,082,416,117
6. Illinois5,964 foundations · 4.2% $5,226,877,052
7. Pennsylvania7,445 foundations · 3.5% · 24% from patient-assistance foundations $4,353,728,252
8. Florida9,096 foundations · 2.9% $3,663,174,063
9. Indiana1,711 foundations · 2.5% $3,154,589,826
10. Massachusetts3,936 foundations · 2.3% $2,856,055,865
11. Connecticut1,811 foundations · 2.2% $2,821,424,150
12. Michigan2,874 foundations · 2.2% · 17% passed to another foundation $2,710,136,151
13. Georgia2,451 foundations · 1.6% $1,996,936,690
14. Minnesota1,823 foundations · 1.5% $1,870,800,224
15. Nebraska736 foundations · 1.4% $1,823,958,949
16. Delaware2,782 foundations · 1.3% $1,667,678,216
17. Ohio4,534 foundations · 1.3% $1,631,065,043
18. North Carolina2,211 foundations · 1.3% $1,592,834,628
19. Maryland2,091 foundations · 1.2% $1,567,305,689
20. Missouri4,620 foundations · 1.2% $1,553,105,075
21. Wisconsin2,941 foundations · 1.1% $1,347,594,933
22. Utah1,247 foundations · 1.0% $1,299,997,104
23. Colorado2,136 foundations · 1.0% $1,197,455,310
24. Virginia2,455 foundations · 1.0% $1,197,445,413
25. Arkansas604 foundations · 0.9% $1,184,316,186
26. District of Columbia581 foundations · 0.8% $1,031,304,285
27. Oklahoma1,204 foundations · 0.7% $916,442,494
28. Tennessee1,517 foundations · 0.7% $822,928,852
29. Oregon996 foundations · 0.6% $695,788,984
30. Nevada1,029 foundations · 0.4% $546,917,376
31. Arizona1,585 foundations · 0.4% $523,510,286
32. Kansas1,093 foundations · 0.4% $520,045,325
33. Maine582 foundations · 0.4% $454,640,177
34. Kentucky980 foundations · 0.3% $398,553,041
35. Iowa1,175 foundations · 0.3% $365,527,730
36. Alabama1,460 foundations · 0.3% $333,272,902
37. New Mexico437 foundations · 0.2% $266,498,407
38. Idaho539 foundations · 0.2% $255,346,065
39. South Carolina1,045 foundations · 0.2% $250,698,977
40. Louisiana915 foundations · 0.2% $221,073,645
41. Rhode Island451 foundations · 0.2% $202,527,140
42. New Hampshire703 foundations · 0.1% $183,223,688
43. South Dakota304 foundations · 0.1% $159,584,528
44. Montana502 foundations · 0.1% $155,268,236
45. Wyoming429 foundations · 0.1% $152,926,114
46. Hawaii627 foundations · 0.1% $130,761,315
47. Mississippi455 foundations · 0.1% $110,075,975
48. West Virginia467 foundations · 0.1% $104,014,378
49. Vermont342 foundations · 0.1% $79,727,939
50. North Dakota204 foundations · 0.1% $70,106,414
51. Alaska139 foundations · 0.0% $45,103,838
52. Puerto Rico73 foundations · 0.0% $12,658,080
53. U.S. Virgin Islands11 foundations · 0.0% $814,672
54. American Samoa2 foundations · 0.0% $105,000
55. Northern Mariana Islands2 foundations · 0.0% $0

Foundations in US territories, abroad or without a State on the return: 819 foundations, $1,179,065,042. They count in the total above, not in a State.

Grant lines to organizations we matched to the IRS list of exempt organizations, by that organization’s category: $55,348,843,659 of the $92,334,845,147 listed to organizations (59.9%).

Some returns list their grants only in an attachment the e-file doesn’t include: 2,364 lines on 2,219 returns say only “see attached” or “various”, for $12.9 billion. Those dollars count in the grants paid above, not in the cause figures.

1. Philanthropy and grantmaking41,125 grants from 18,146 foundations · median $10,000 $15,378,630,852
2. Education121,285 grants from 34,112 foundations · median $8,500 $11,754,841,940
3. Arts and culture83,279 grants from 22,603 foundations · median $7,000 $4,583,540,887
4. Health54,051 grants from 22,797 foundations · median $5,000 $3,727,490,672
5. Human services91,161 grants from 27,578 foundations · median $5,000 $3,331,317,384
6. International aid31,921 grants from 13,502 foundations · median $5,000 $2,717,467,750
7. Environment33,985 grants from 11,935 foundations · median $6,000 $2,534,583,134
8. Community development17,343 grants from 7,776 foundations · median $11,835 $2,002,707,298
9. Civil rights13,004 grants from 6,179 foundations · median $10,000 $1,023,161,095
10. Medical research6,341 grants from 4,279 foundations · median $5,000 $937,641,922
11. Religion26,866 grants from 12,204 foundations · median $5,000 $917,345,534
12. Youth development21,620 grants from 10,254 foundations · median $7,500 $850,373,614
13. Public affairs7,564 grants from 4,144 foundations · median $10,000 $674,681,309
14. Animals30,927 grants from 11,256 foundations · median $3,000 $644,978,203
15. Sports and recreation17,776 grants from 9,542 foundations · median $5,000 $632,777,074
16. Housing and shelter15,166 grants from 8,089 foundations · median $7,500 $627,097,118
17. Food and agriculture20,023 grants from 10,186 foundations · median $5,000 $582,339,034
18. Crime and legal aid11,824 grants from 6,478 foundations · median $10,000 $569,934,357
19. Mental health11,302 grants from 6,758 foundations · median $5,500 $467,748,006
20. Social science2,223 grants from 1,254 foundations · median $37,971 $379,748,527
21. Jobs and employment5,318 grants from 3,180 foundations · median $10,000 $377,885,447
22. Science and technology2,305 grants from 1,463 foundations · median $16,000 $375,628,486
23. Disaster relief and public safety4,593 grants from 3,064 foundations · median $3,333 $182,066,136
24. Veterans and military1,945 grants from 1,448 foundations · median $4,000 $50,110,072
25. Mutual benefit584 grants from 545 foundations · median $5,000 $24,747,808

Returns

Every Form 990-PF return for tax year 2024 in the IRS e-file data we have read: 123,799 returns from 123,626 foundations. When a foundation filed an amended return, it replaces the original. 371 returns with a figure larger than the foundation’s assets plus its revenue are held back for a check and not counted.

Tax year

The year the foundation’s accounting year began. A return for a year that ended in June 2025 is tax year 2024. Returns reach the IRS 5 to 18 months after the year ends, so a few for 2024 can still arrive.

Grants paid

The total of grants paid in the year that each return reports. When a return leaves the total blank, we add up its grant lines. Money one foundation gives another is counted on both returns.

State

The State in the foundation’s own address on its return, not where the grants went. 20% of California’s total comes from drug companies’ patient-assistance foundations, which report the medicines they give patients as grants: Genentech Patient Foundation ($3.5 billion). Most of New Jersey’s total comes from drug companies’ patient-assistance foundations, which report the medicines they give patients as grants: Sanofi Cares North America ($4.1 billion), Novartis Patient Assistance ($3.1 billion), Bristol-Myers Squibb Patient Assistance ($2.7 billion) and 6 more. 46% of Washington’s total is money the Gates Foundation Trust passed to the Gates Foundation ($7.1 billion), which reports it again as its own grants. 24% of Pennsylvania’s total comes from drug companies’ patient-assistance foundations, which report the medicines they give patients as grants: GlaxoSmithKline Patient Access ($1 billion). 17% of Michigan’s total is money the WK Kellogg Foundation Trust - No 5315 passed to the WK Kellogg Foundation ($450.9 million), which reports it again as its own grants.

Cause

Each grant line names its recipient. We match recipients to the IRS list of exempt organizations by name and address, and a grant counts toward the category of the organization it matched, grouped into 25 causes. Only exact and strong matches count; grants to people (scholarships, hardship grants) and to organizations we could not match are left out of this part.

Median grant

Grants to organizations of $100 or more. Smaller amounts are often placeholders, and lines that only say “see attached” or “various” are left out of every grant-line figure.