The United States Capitol in Washington, DC

Grant recipient EIN 56-0942853

Who funds Population Services International?

48 private foundations gave Population Services International in Washington, DC $291.1 million across 231 grants, in tax years 2017 to 2025.

Grants listed on funders’ 990-PF returns for tax years 2017 to 2025, read from the IRS e-file on Nov 11, 2026. Returns reach the IRS 5 to 18 months after the year they describe.

Grants received by year

Grants from private foundations by the funder’s tax year. The latest year is in blue; it is not complete until all its returns reach the IRS.

Every foundation grant, by year

231 grants

Each line as the funder listed it on its return, newest year first, then largest.

  1. EcoTrustMinneapolis, MN 2025

    Unrestricted general operating support

    $30,000
  2. Margaret A Meyer Family Foundation IncNew York, NY 2025

    Charitable

    $25,000
  3. Wallace Genetic Foundation II IncWashington, DC 2025

    Wash program

    $25,000
  4. Westport FundWashington, DC 2025

    Charitable purposes

    $8,000
  5. The John E Goerlich Charitable TrustHolland, OH 2025

    Charitable contribution

    $500
  6. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Empower women and girls; family planning; maternal, newborn, child nutrition and health

    $3,500,000
  7. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Empower women and girls; family planning; global health and development public awareness and analysis

    $3,050,000
  8. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Empower women and girls

    $3,000,000
  9. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Empower women and girls; family planning

    $1,500,000
  10. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Malaria

    $1,000,000
  11. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Malaria

    $1,000,000
  12. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    HIV

    $911,233
  13. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Malaria

    $903,918
  14. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Empower women and girls; global health and development public awareness and analysis

    $850,000
  15. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2024

    For support of self-care for sexual and reproductive health

    $500,000
  16. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2024

    For support of self-care for sexual and reproductive health

    $500,000
  17. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2024

    For support of access to safe abortion care in francophone west africa

    $435,000
  18. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2024

    For support to expand access to medication abortion in east africa

    $400,000
  19. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Family planning

    $299,879
  20. The Marshmere FoundationNew York, NY 2024

    General support

    $250,008
  21. Troper Wojcicki FoundationSan Francisco, CA 2024

    Reproductive health & lifeskills programs (maverick portfolio)

    $250,000
  22. Erik E and Edith H Bergstrom Foundation A Charitable TrustWilmington, DE 2024

    To support work in Uganda

    $207,132
  23. The Elsa & Peter Soderberg CharitableBoca Grande, FL 2024

    General

    $150,563
  24. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Public awareness and analysis

    $150,000
  25. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    Public awareness and analysis

    $150,000
  26. Erik E and Edith H Bergstrom Foundation A Charitable TrustWilmington, DE 2024

    To support work in Uganda

    $132,000
  27. Sullivan Family Charitable FoundationGarden City, NY 2024

    Unrestricted

    $125,000
  28. Grousemont FoundationSeattle, WA 2024

    General & unrestricted

    $125,000
  29. Samueli FoundationCorona Del Mar, CA 2024

    General operations

    $100,000
  30. Dalio Foundation IncWestport, CT 2024

    Restricted to support assessments of patient-reported metrics for people-centered care and journey mapping methodologies

    $55,000
  31. TAKE1GIVE1Scottsdale, AZ 2024

    General support

    $35,000
  32. EcoTrustMinneapolis, MN 2024

    Unrestricted general operating support

    $27,500
  33. The Ruth and Hal Launders Charitable TrustHerndon, VA 2024

    The grant will be used for general operations for the experiential philanthropy team at population services international; the team delivers the maverick college program.

    $20,000
  34. Westport FundWashington, DC 2024

    Charitable purposes

    $4,000
  35. Nishikawa Family FoundationBrooklyn, NY 2024

    Provide healthcare for malaria, child survival, HIV and reproductive health in high-need populations

    $3,000
  36. The Pfizer Foundation IncNew York, NY 2024

    Matching gifts

    $1,000
  37. Shepherd Foundation IncAtlanta, GA 2024

    General fund

    $1,000
  38. The John E Goerlich Charitable TrustHolland, OH 2024

    Charitable contribution

    $500
  39. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    Empower women and girls; family planning; maternal, neonatal and child health; MNCH discovery and tools

    $6,000,000
  40. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    HIV

    $5,808,471
  41. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    Family planning; global health and development public awareness and analysis

    $2,000,000
  42. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    Malaria

    $1,189,809
  43. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    Empower women and girls

    $1,000,000
  44. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    Empower women and girls

    $782,398
  45. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    HIV

    $728,057
  46. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    Empower women and girls

    $490,049
  47. Tyson Family Foundation IncFayetteville, AR 2023

    Healthcare research

    $460,588
  48. The Marshmere FoundationNew York, NY 2023

    General support

    $409,222
  49. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2023

    For support of access to safe abortion care in francophone west africa

    $365,000
  50. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2023

    For support of self-care for sexual and reproductive health

    $300,000
  51. Erik E and Edith H Bergstrom Foundation A Charitable TrustWilmington, DE 2023

    For work in uganda

    $264,000
  52. Troper Wojcicki FoundationSan Francisco, CA 2023

    Reproductive health & lifeskills programs

    $250,080
  53. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2023

    For support of self-care for sexual and reproductive health

    $250,000
  54. Merck Foundation a New Jersey Nonprofit CorporationRahway, NJ 2023

    Contribution provided

    $205,284
  55. The Elsa & Peter Soderberg CharitableBoca Grande, FL 2023

    General

    $150,563
  56. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    Public awareness and analysis

    $150,000
  57. Grousemont FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    Maverick next program of maverick collective

    $150,000
  58. Sullivan Family Charitable FoundationGarden City, NY 2023

    Unrestricted

    $125,000
  59. Idol Family FoundationNew York, NY 2023

    General support

    $123,000
  60. Samueli FoundationCorona Del Mar, CA 2023

    Medical/health

    $100,000
  61. The David and Lucile Packard FoundationLos Altos, CA 2023

    Just Societies

    $100,000
  62. The Morris Family FoundationNashville, TN 2023

    Donation

    $75,000
  63. The David and Lucile Packard FoundationLos Altos, CA 2023

    Organizational Effectiveness

    $41,500
  64. EcoTrustMinneapolis, MN 2023

    Unrestricted general operating support

    $25,000
  65. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    Family planning

    $19,527
  66. Westport FundWashington, DC 2023

    Charitable purposes

    $18,000
  67. Shepherd Foundation IncAtlanta, GA 2023

    General fund

    $2,000
  68. The Marilyn and Jeffrey Katzenberg FoundationLos Angeles, CA 2023

    Health

    $1,000
  69. The John E Goerlich Charitable TrustHolland, OH 2023

    Charitable contribution

    $500
  70. Amazonsmile FoundationSeattle, WA 2023

    General support

    $382
  71. Arthur J Gallagher FoundationRolling Meadows, IL 2023

    General exempt purpose

    $50
  72. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2022

    Project support

    $13,123,628
  73. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    HIV

    $5,951,083
  74. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    HIV

    $2,811,630
  75. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    Malaria

    $2,367,486
  76. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    HIV

    $1,674,655
  77. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    Family planning

    $1,231,967
  78. Merck Foundation a New Jersey Nonprofit CorporationRahway, NJ 2022

    Contribution provided

    $1,009,722
  79. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    Malaria

    $1,000,000
  80. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    Malaria

    $859,523
  81. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2022

    For support to expand access to medication abortion in east africa

    $800,000
  82. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2022

    For support of a regional program to reduce unsafe abortion in francophone west africa

    $625,000
  83. The Marshmere FoundationNew York, NY 2022

    General support

    $614,449
  84. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    Family planning

    $600,000
  85. Margaret A Cargill FoundationEden Prairie, MN 2022

    Maternal and newborn health (MNH) continuum of care project

    $500,000
  86. Tyson Family Foundation IncFayetteville, AR 2022

    Healthcare research

    $445,643
  87. Erik E and Edith H Bergstrom Foundation A Charitable TrustWilmington, DE 2022

    For work in uganda

    $432,000
  88. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    Family planning

    $421,300
  89. Troper Wojcicki FoundationSan Francisco, CA 2022

    Reproductive health & lifeskills programs

    $250,000
  90. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    Public awareness and analysis

    $150,000
  91. TAKE1GIVE1Scottsdale, AZ 2022

    Charitable

    $100,000
  92. The Morris Family FoundationNashville, TN 2022

    Donation

    $100,000
  93. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    Malaria

    $50,000
  94. Branson Family FoundationLos Altos, CA 2022

    general

    $25,000
  95. Sullivan Family Charitable FoundationGarden City, NY 2022

    Unrestricted

    $25,000
  96. EcoTrustMinneapolis, MN 2022

    Unrestricted general operating support

    $25,000
  97. Wallace Genetic Foundation II IncWashington, DC 2022

    Psi sanitationaccelerationfund

    $25,000
  98. Westport FundWashington, DC 2022

    Charitable purposes

    $18,000
  99. Shepherd Foundation IncAtlanta, GA 2022

    General fund

    $6,000
  100. Nelson B Delavan Found Part A XXXXX9000Chicago, IL 2022

    General

    $5,000
  101. Mary and Charles Sethness Charitable FoundationNorthbrook, IL 2022

    Unrestricted

    $5,000
  102. The John E Goerlich Charitable TrustHolland, OH 2022

    Charitable contribution

    $1,000
  103. The Pfizer Foundation IncNew York, NY 2022

    Matching gifts

    $750
  104. Amazonsmile FoundationSeattle, WA 2022

    General support

    $533
  105. Marcia Brady Tucker Foundation IncEaston, MD 2022

    Humanitarian

    $400
  106. Arthur J Gallagher FoundationRolling Meadows, IL 2022

    General exempt purpose

    $50
  107. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2021

    Project support

    $10,986,226
  108. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2021

    Empower women and girls; family planning; maternal, neonatal and child health

    $7,500,000
  109. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2021

    Malaria

    $3,174,484
  110. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2021

    HIV

    $3,000,000
  111. The David and Lucile Packard FoundationLos Altos, CA 2021

    Reproductive health

    $1,500,000
  112. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2021

    Family planning

    $1,415,988
  113. Margaret A Cargill FoundationEden Prairie, MN 2021

    Support for maternal and newborn health continuum of care project

    $1,000,000
  114. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2021

    Family planning

    $1,000,000
  115. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2021

    Malaria

    $1,000,000
  116. Merck Foundation a New Jersey Nonprofit CorporationRahway, NJ 2021

    Contribution provided

    $910,023
  117. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2021

    For support of a regional program to reduce unsafe abortion in francophone west africa

    $775,000
  118. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2021

    HIV

    $650,000
  119. Erik E and Edith H Bergstrom Foundation A Charitable TrustWilmington, DE 2021

    For work in uganda

    $560,000
  120. The Marshmere FoundationNew York, NY 2021

    General support

    $405,311
  121. Tyson Family Foundation IncFayetteville, AR 2021

    Maverick collective

    $399,341
  122. Troper Wojcicki FoundationSan Francisco, CA 2021

    Reproductive health & lifeskills programs

    $250,000
  123. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2021

    For support of self-care for sexual and reproductive health

    $250,000
  124. Conrad N Hilton FoundationWestlake Village, CA 2021

    To support the maverick portfolio project, influencing philanthropists to listen and engage with the communities they serve.

    $250,000
  125. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2021

    For support to expand access to medication abortion in eastern africa

    $200,000
  126. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2021

    Public awareness and analysis

    $197,000
  127. The Morris Family FoundationNashville, TN 2021

    Donation

    $100,000
  128. Branson Family FoundationLos Altos, CA 2021

    Humanitarian aid

    $25,000
  129. EcoTrustMinneapolis, MN 2021

    Unrestricted general operating support

    $25,000
  130. Wallace Genetic Foundation II IncWashington, DC 2021

    Psi sanitationaccelerationfund

    $25,000
  131. Westport FundWashington, DC 2021

    Charitable purposes

    $18,000
  132. The Ruth and Hal Launders Charitable TrustHerndon, VA 2021

    The grant will be used for general operations for the experiential philanthropy team at population services international; the team delivers the maverick college program.

    $10,000
  133. The Milner Family FoundationSandy Spring, MD 2021

    Operational support

    $7,000
  134. Nelson B Delavan Found Part A XXXXX9000Chicago, IL 2021

    General

    $5,000
  135. James and Tanya Mahood FoundationPortland, ME 2021

    General Support Grant

    $5,000
  136. Shepherd Foundation IncAtlanta, GA 2021

    General fund

    $2,000
  137. Moneta Group Charitable FoundationSt Louis, MO 2021

    Make it easier for all people to lead healthier lives and plan the families they desire

    $1,000
  138. The John E Goerlich Charitable TrustHolland, OH 2021

    Charitable contribution

    $955
  139. Amazonsmile FoundationSeattle, WA 2021

    General support

    $550
  140. The Pfizer Foundation IncNew York, NY 2021

    Matching gifts

    $500
  141. The Pfizer Foundation IncNew York, NY 2021

    Volunteer program

    $50
  142. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2020

    Project support

    $6,996,178
  143. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    HIV

    $5,033,990
  144. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    Empower women and girls; family planning

    $4,699,999
  145. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    Malaria

    $3,697,302
  146. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    HIV

    $3,244,723
  147. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2020

    Project support

    $3,000,808
  148. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    Malaria

    $2,022,615
  149. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2020

    Project support

    $2,001,690
  150. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2020

    Project support

    $1,999,197
  151. Margaret A Cargill FoundationEden Prairie, MN 2020

    Support for maternal and newborn health continuum of care project

    $1,500,000
  152. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2020

    Project support

    $1,300,948
  153. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2020

    Project support

    $1,201,171
  154. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    HIV

    $1,178,302
  155. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2020

    Project support

    $999,830
  156. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    Family planning

    $946,537
  157. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    Family planning

    $740,190
  158. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2020

    For support of population services international's francophone west africa program

    $625,000
  159. Erik E and Edith H Bergstrom Foundation A Charitable TrustWilmington, DE 2020

    For work in uganda

    $560,000
  160. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    Public awareness and analysis

    $328,000
  161. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    Water, sanitation and hygiene

    $250,005
  162. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2020

    For support of selfcare for sexual and reproductive health

    $250,000
  163. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2020

    For support of selfcare for sexual and reproductive health

    $200,000
  164. Bruce C Abrams Family FoundationChicago, IL 2020

    Mental health in central america expansion project

    $100,000
  165. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    Delivery of solutions to improve global health

    $100,000
  166. Stacy R Jacobs FoundationSan Diego, CA 2020

    General fund

    $75,000
  167. TAKE1GIVE1Scottsdale, AZ 2020

    Support of regional network of health clinics

    $50,000
  168. Wallace Genetic Foundation II IncWashington, DC 2020

    Psi sanitationaccelerationfund

    $25,000
  169. EcoTrustMinneapolis, MN 2020

    Unrestricted general operating support

    $20,000
  170. Bruce C Abrams Family FoundationChicago, IL 2020

    Covid-19 global response fund

    $10,000
  171. The Milner Family FoundationSandy Spring, MD 2020

    Operational support

    $5,000
  172. James and Tanya Mahood FoundationPortland, ME 2020

    General Support Grant

    $5,000
  173. Shepherd Foundation IncAtlanta, GA 2020

    General fund

    $3,000
  174. Gorlitz Foundation LTDWashington, DC 2020

    International access to family planning and reproductive health

    $1,000
  175. The John E Goerlich Charitable TrustHolland, OH 2020

    Charitable contribution

    $500
  176. Amazonsmile FoundationSeattle, WA 2020

    General support

    $427
  177. The Rockefeller FoundationNew York, NY 2020

    In support of RF donations to charitable organizations

    $300
  178. Arthur J Gallagher FoundationRolling Meadows, IL 2020

    General exempt purpose

    $50
  179. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2019

    Project support

    $32,761,831
  180. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2019

    Malaria

    $4,969,173
  181. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2019

    HIV

    $4,200,000
  182. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2019

    Delivery of solutions to improve global health; family planning

    $3,892,477
  183. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2019

    Family planning

    $2,069,244
  184. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2019

    Family planning

    $1,451,850
  185. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2019

    HIV

    $1,361,991
  186. Margaret A Cargill FoundationEden Prairie, MN 2019

    Increasing family planning services among adolescents and youth in nepal

    $1,200,000
  187. Erik E and Edith H Bergstrom Foundation A Charitable TrustWilmington, DE 2019

    For work in uganda

    $530,000
  188. The David and Lucile Packard FoundationLos Altos, CA 2019

    Population and reproductive health

    $500,000
  189. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2019

    For support to expand access to medication abortion in eastern africa

    $200,000
  190. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2019

    For support and development of a selfcare trailblazer group for sexual and reproductive health

    $200,000
  191. Tarsadia FoundationNewport Beach, CA 2019

    Program support

    $25,550
  192. TAKE1GIVE1Scottsdale, AZ 2019

    Support of regional network of health clinics

    $25,000
  193. Wallace Genetic Foundation II IncWashington, DC 2019

    Psi sanitationaccelerationfund

    $25,000
  194. Peter H and E Lucille Gaass Kuyper FoundationPella, IA 2019

    Family advised gift

    $1,000
  195. Shepherd Foundation IncAtlanta, GA 2019

    General fund

    $1,000
  196. Arthur J Gallagher FoundationRolling Meadows, IL 2019

    General exempt purpose

    $50
  197. AbbVie FoundationNorth Chicago, IL 2019

    Matching grants

    $25
  198. The Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationOmaha, NE 2018

    Project support

    $31,538,771
  199. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    Malaria

    $7,085,576
  200. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    Delivery of solutions to improve global health; family planning

    $6,040,575
  201. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    HIV

    $3,938,029
  202. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    Family planning

    $3,300,000
  203. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    Family planning

    $2,559,108
  204. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    Water, sanitation and hygiene

    $2,440,912
  205. Margaret A Cargill FoundationEden Prairie, MN 2018

    Increasing family planning services among adolescents and youth in nepal

    $1,300,000
  206. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    Malaria

    $1,117,395
  207. The William & Flora Hewlett FoundationMenlo Park, CA 2018

    For support of population services international's francophone west africa program

    $775,000
  208. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    HIV

    $389,112
  209. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    Family planning; global health and development public awareness and analysis

    $325,000
  210. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    Family planning

    $305,540
  211. Tarsadia FoundationNewport Beach, CA 2018

    Program support

    $250,000
  212. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    Water, sanitation and hygiene

    $250,000
  213. The Robertson Powell FoundationWilmington, DE 2018

    WIN Senegal Project

    $100,000
  214. TAKE1GIVE1Scottsdale, AZ 2018

    Support of regional network of health clinics

    $49,294
  215. Nelson B Delavan Found Part A XXXXX9000Chicago, IL 2018

    General

    $5,000
  216. The Lulu FoundationMinneapolis, MN 2018

    To support your mission to help people in the developing world lead healthier lives and plan the families they desire.

    $5,000
  217. Shepherd Foundation IncAtlanta, GA 2018

    General fund

    $1,000
  218. Louden Family FoundationSeattle, WA 2018

    No restrictions

    $250
  219. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    HIV

    $6,512,621
  220. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    HIV

    $4,003,172
  221. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    HIV

    $2,459,679
  222. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    Malaria

    $2,267,609
  223. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    Family planning

    $2,070,850
  224. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    Delivery of solutions to improve global health; family planning

    $1,005,071
  225. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    HIV

    $587,220
  226. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    Delivery of solutions to improve global health; HIV

    $499,968
  227. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    Global health and development public awareness and analysis

    $401,693
  228. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    Water, sanitation and hygiene

    $250,000
  229. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    Family planning; global health and development public awareness and analysis

    $200,000
  230. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    Global health and development public awareness and analysis

    $150,000
  231. Gates FoundationSeattle, WA 2017

    Water, sanitation and hygiene

    $110,000

About this match

Funders write a recipient’s name and address, not its EIN. We matched these grants to EIN 56-0942853 by name and ZIP code, or by name, city and State against the IRS list of exempt organizations and our list of filers. Grants we could not tie to one organization are not counted here.